The study, led by Dr Mukesh Thakur of the ZSI, used cutting-edge genomic tools to analyse mitochondrial genomes. “This discovery is a testament to the power of modern genetic tools in uncovering hidden diversity,” said Dr Thakur. “The Indo-Burmese pangolin not only enriches our understanding of Asian pangolins but also emphasises the need for region-specific conservation efforts.”

The species’ development was likely influenced by dramatic geo-climatic changes in the Indo-Burma region, recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots.

Lenrik Konchok Wangmo, a PhD scholar at the University of Calcutta, was a key contributor to this research. Wangmo was vital in identifying the holotype and paratype specimens from Arunachal Pradesh. “It is a privilege to contribute to such an important discovery,” Wangmo said. “This species adds a new dimension to pangolin conservation, highlighting the importance of protecting their habitats from threats like poaching and habitat degradation.”

The species is believed to have evolved in isolation during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, influenced by climatic and geological shifts. Its current distribution spans parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, and it possibly extends to Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar.

“Pangolins are among the most heavily trafficked mammals globally,” said Dr Thakur. “Recognizing this species as distinct highlights its vulnerability and the pressing need for collaborative conservation measures across its range.” Dr Dhriti Banerjee, Director of ZSI, lauded the team’s efforts, stating, “This remarkable finding demonstrates the critical role of scientific research in uncovering biodiversity and informing conservation action. Protecting the Indo-Burmese pangolin is essential to safeguarding the ecological integrity of the Indo-Burma region.”